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On a mechanical-action organ, a coupler may connect one division's manual directly to the other, actually moving the keys of the first manual when the second is played. Some organs feature a device to add the octave above or below what is being played by the fingers. The "super-octave" adds the octave above, the "sub-octave" the octave below. [1]
However, their linear layout presents ergonomic challenges: Keys are far apart and therefore slow to play, as the hands have to move a considerable distance. The intervals between neighboring white keys are irregular: sometimes a whole step (C–D) and at others a half step (E–F). The combination of white and black keys and the pitch-to-key ...
The manuals are set into the organ console (or "keydesk"). The layout of a manual is roughly the same as a piano keyboard, with long, usually ivory or light-colored keys for the natural notes of the Western musical scale, and shorter, usually ebony or dark-colored keys for the five sharps and flats.
As the organist plays the instrument, the keys, stops, and windchest work together as a mechanism (called an 'action') to direct pressurized air (called 'wind') into the pipes, thus creating sound. Windchest design has varied considerably over the course of organ building history and across geographical boundaries.
If key action consists of mechanical linkages, the organ is described as having mechanical action or tracker action.In mechanical-action instruments, the keys are connected to the windchests via a linkage system incorporating rods called trackers (usually made of wood), rollers (horizontal cylinders that transfer the vertical motion of a tracker across a horizontal distance), and squares ...
Assume the following keys: E F F ♯ G G ♯ A. with both F ♯ and G ♯ split front to back. Here, E played C, the front half of the F ♯ key played D, and the (less accessible) rear half played F ♯. The front half of the G ♯ key played E, and the rear half played G ♯. As with the short octave, the key labeled E played the lowest note C.
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Other organs positioned the black keys on the same level and depth as the white keys. The first pedal keyboards only had three or four notes. [ 3 ] Eventually, organ designers augmented this range by using eight notes, an approach now called a "short octave" keyboard, because it does not include accidental notes such as C ♯ , D ♯ , F ...