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A complement of a verbum dicendi can be direct or indirect speech. Direct speech is a single unit of linguistic object that is '"mentioned" rather than used.' [1] In contrast, indirect speech is a proposition whose parts make semantic and syntactic contribution to the whole sentence just like parts of the matrix clause (i.e. the main clause/sentence, as opposed to an embedded clause).
A quotation is the repetition of a sentence, phrase, or passage from speech or text that someone has said or written. [1] In oral speech, it is the representation of an utterance (i.e. of something that a speaker actually said) that is introduced by a quotative marker, such as a verb of saying.
In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, [1] [2] speech marks, [3] quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name.
In Turkish, direct speech is marked by following it by a form of the verb demek ("to say"), [11] as in 'Hastayım' dedi. 'I am ill', he said. In particular, the word diye (literally "saying"), a participle of demek, is used to mark quoted speech when another verb of utterance than demek is needed: 'Hastayım mı?' diye sordu. 'Am I ill?', he asked.
If the direct speech is the past, whether it is expressed by the perfect or by the preterite, the perfect subjunctive is used (not the imperfect subjunctive). If the direct speech is in the future, the future subjunctive is used; both of the latter are formed by adding the auxiliaries that form the perfect or future into the subjunctive.
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to direct speech, a letter or a consignment (to) AmE / ˈ æ d r ɛ s / BrE and AmE / ə ˈ d r ɛ s / noun a descriptor of location advocate / ˈ æ d v ə k eɪ t / verb to argue for someone else / ˈ æ d v ə k ɪ t / noun a person who speaks in support of something affect / ə ˈ f ɛ k t / verb to have an effect on / ˈ æ f ɛ k t / noun ...
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