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Afghanistan, [d] officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, [e] is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, [f] Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
Afghanistan accepted the convention on March 20, 1979, making its sites eligible for inclusion on the list. [3] As of 2022, there are two World Heritage Sites in Afghanistan, and a further four on the tentative list. [3] The first site listed was the Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam, in 2002.
Farming communities in Afghanistan were among the earliest in the world. [13] Artifacts indicate that the indigenous people were small farmers and herdsmen, very probably grouped into tribes, with small local kingdoms rising and falling through the ages.
The World Bank Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund was set up in 2002, which was financed by 24 international donor countries and spent more than $1.37 billion as of 2007. [136] Approximately 30 billion dollars were provided by the international community for the reconstruction of Afghanistan, most of it from the United States.
Afghanistan remains among the world's least developed countries, ranking 182nd on the Human Development Index. Afghanistan's gross domestic product (GDP) is $81 billion by purchasing power parity and $20.1 billion by nominal values. Per capita, its GDP is among the lowest of any country as of 2020.
Kingdom of Afghanistan: Hazara rebels under Ebrāhim Beg Government victory: Rebellion suppressed Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) Panjshir Valley uprising (1975) Republic of Afghanistan: Jamiat-e-Islami: Victory: Uprising suppressed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1987) Saur Revolution (1978) Republic of Afghanistan
Native people of Afghanistan now reside in at least 96 countries around the world. [21] Some of those returning from Pakistan have complained that "they have been beaten and slapped and told nobody in Pakistan wants them anymore." [63] Others have regarded Pakistan as their home because they were born there. [64]
Afghanistan is a rural country; in 2020, some 80% of its 33 million people lived in the countryside. [123]: 12 This predisposes warfare to rural areas, and provides ample hiding spots for guerrilla fighters. The country also has harsh winters, which favors spring or summertime military offensives after winter lulls in fighting.