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Radiofrequency waves are used to produce heat on specifically identified nerves surrounding the facet joints called the lumbar medial branches of the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerves. [33] By generating heat around the nerve, the nerve is ablated, thus destroying its ability to transmit signals to the brain.
Neuroablation can be performed with chemical neurolysis or radiofrequency ablation. These techniques are often used on the medial branch nerves to treat low back pain and have been applied to the superior cluneal nerves. The use of phenol has been noted to relieve pain for up to 9 months but may not completely resolve symptoms. [5]
Radiofrequency ablation or lesioning, also known as rhizolysis, can be used to give longer lasting relief by destroying the nerves that supply the facet joint (medial branch nerves). [9] Current guidelines as per the International Spine Intervention Society require two successful medial branch blocks before progressing to a radiofrequency ablation.
The dorsal ramus then turns to course posterior-ward before splitting into a medial branch and a lateral branch. Both these branches provide motor innervation to deep back muscles. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch is also responsible for providing sensory innervation of the skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does so.
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a thermal pain treatment procedure. For example, percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PIRFT) involves the placement of an electrode or catheter into the intervertebral disc and applying an alternating radiofrequency current.
Radio frequencies at non-ablation energy levels are commonly used as a part of aesthetic treatments that can tighten skin, reduce fat by lipolysis and also apoptosis, [4] or promote healing. [ 5 ] RF diathermy is a medical treatment that uses RF induced heat as a form of physical therapy and in surgical procedures.
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