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AMD64 (also variously referred to by AMD in their literature and documentation as “AMD 64-bit Technology” and “AMD x86-64 Architecture”) was created as an alternative to the radically different IA-64 architecture designed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard, which was backward-incompatible with IA-32, the 32-bit version of the x86 architecture.
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
The calling convention of the System V AMD64 ABI is followed on Solaris, Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, [26] and is the de facto standard among Unix and Unix-like operating systems. The OpenVMS Calling Standard on x86-64 is based on the System V ABI with some extensions needed for backwards compatibility. [ 27 ]
x86, x86_64, RISC-V, ARM64 and LoongArch (ARM and POWER in the -rt branch) [1] RedHawk Linux RTOS Proprietary: closed hardware-in-the-loop, software-in-the-loop, general purpose active Intel, AMD, ARM, NVIDIA Drive, NVIDIA Jetson Orin REX OS: Proprietary: closed, available with license: embedded: inactive: ARM RIOT: GNU LGPL: open source: active
The updated instruction set is grouped according to architecture (i186, i286, i386, i486, i586/i686) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also known as AMD64). Original 8086/8088 instructions
This is a table of 64/32-bit central processing units that implement the ARMv8-A instruction set architecture and mandatory or optional extensions of it. Most chips support the 32-bit ARMv7-A for legacy applications.
AMD K6: 1997 6 Superscalar, branch prediction, speculative execution, out-of-order execution, register renaming [b] AMD K6-III: 1999 Branch prediction, speculative execution, out-of-order execution [1] AMD K7: 1999 Out-of-order execution, branch prediction, Harvard architecture: AMD K8: 2003 64-bit, integrated memory controller, 16 byte ...
Windows - Windows 10 runs 32-bit "x86 and 32-bit ARM applications", [208] as well as native ARM64 desktop apps; [209] [210] Windows 11 runs native ARM64 apps and can also run x86 and x86-64 apps via emulation.