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Both shall and will may be contracted to -'ll, most commonly in affirmative statements where they follow a subject pronoun. Their negations, shall not and will not, also have contracted forms: shan't and won't (although shan't is rarely used in North America, and is becoming rarer elsewhere too). See English auxiliaries and contractions.
The English modal auxiliary verbs are a subset of the English auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality, properties such as possibility and obligation. [a] They can most easily be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participles or plain forms [b]) and by their lack of the ending ‑(e)s for the third-person singular.
Although the consequence in first conditional sentences is usually expressed using the will (or shall) future (usually the simple future, though future progressive, future perfect and future perfect progressive are used as appropriate), other variations are also possible – it may take the form of an imperative, it may use another modal verb ...
shall: This shall not be viewed kindly. You shall not pass. – should: That should be surprising. You should stop that. – will: She will try to lie. – – would: Nothing would accomplish that. – – ought That ought to be correct. You ought to be kind.
These are referred to as balanced tag questions. Unbalanced tag questions feature a positive statement with a positive tag, or a negative statement with a negative tag; it has been estimated that in normal conversation, as many as 40–50% [2] of tags are unbalanced. Unbalanced tag questions may be used for ironic or confrontational effects:
As complement of the auxiliary do, in negations, questions and other situations where do-support is used: Do you want to go home? Please do not laugh. As complement of will (shall) or would (should) in the future and conditional constructions described above: The cat will come home. We should appreciate an answer at your earliest convenience.
In English, the future perfect construction consists of a future construction such as the auxiliary verb will (or shall) or the going-to future and the perfect infinitive of the main verb (which consists of the infinitive of the auxiliary verb have and the past participle of the main verb). This parallels the construction of the "normal" future ...
On Nov. 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Pennsylvania.