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There are several types of insulin that are commonly used in medical practice, with varying times of onset and duration of action. [32] - Rapid acting (i.e. insulin lispro) with onset in 15 minutes and duration of about 4 hrs. - Short acting (i.e. regular insulin) with onset in 30 minutes and duration of about 6 hrs.
NPH insulin is cloudy and has an onset of 1–3 hours. Its peak is 6–8 hours and its duration is up to 24 hours. [9]It has an intermediate duration of action, meaning longer than that of regular and rapid-acting insulin, and shorter than long acting insulins (ultralente, glargine or detemir).
Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. [2] It is used to treat type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , gestational diabetes , and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states . [ 5 ]
Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [85] [86] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin
Prediabetes –; Main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes – disease that results in autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. [4]Type 2 diabetes – metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Insulin degludec is a modified insulin that has one single amino acid deleted in comparison to human insulin, and is conjugated to hexadecanedioic acid via gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at the amino acid lysine at position B29. It is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines [11] as an equivalent to insulin glargine.
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Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [5] It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump .