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  2. Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Transverse...

    Geodesy. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid.

  3. Mercator projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection

    A meridian of the map is a great circle on the globe but the continuous scale variation means ruler measurement alone cannot yield the true distance between distant points on the meridian. However, if the map is marked with an accurate and finely spaced latitude scale from which the latitude may be read directly—as is the case for the ...

  4. Geographical distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_distance

    The shortest distance between two points in plane is a Cartesian straight line. The Pythagorean theorem is used to calculate the distance between points in a plane. Even over short distances, the accuracy of geographic distance calculations which assume a flat Earth depend on the method by which the latitude and longitude coordinates have been ...

  5. Map projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection

    A two-point equidistant projection of Eurasia. If the length of the line segment connecting two projected points on the plane is proportional to the geodesic (shortest surface) distance between the two unprojected points on the globe, then we say that distance has been preserved between those two points.

  6. Euclidean distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance

    Euclidean distance. In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of the line segment between them. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, and therefore is occasionally called the Pythagorean distance. These names come from the ancient Greek ...

  7. Scale (map) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(map)

    The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. This simple concept is complicated by the curvature of the Earth 's surface, which forces scale to vary across a map. Because of this variation, the concept of scale becomes meaningful in two distinct ways.

  8. Geodesic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic

    Geodesic. In geometry, a geodesic (/ ˌdʒiː.əˈdɛsɪk, - oʊ -, - ˈdiːsɪk, - zɪk /) [1][2] is a curve representing in some sense the shortest [a] path (arc) between two points in a surface, or more generally in a Riemannian manifold. The term also has meaning in any differentiable manifold with a connection.

  9. Barycentric coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_coordinate_system

    A 3-simplex, with barycentric subdivisions of 1-faces (edges) 2-faces (triangles) and 3-faces (body). In geometry, a barycentric coordinate system is a coordinate system in which the location of a point is specified by reference to a simplex (a triangle for points in a plane, a tetrahedron for points in three-dimensional space, etc.).

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