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However, most biblical scholars see the gospel account of Mark as having been written first and John's gospel account as having been written last of the four. It is customary to refer to the gospels phrased as "the Gospel of Matthew" or as "Matthew's Gospel", and so on.
Many non-canonical gospels were also written, all later than the four canonical gospels, and like them advocating the particular theological views of their various authors. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Important examples include the gospels of Thomas , Peter , Judas , and Mary ; infancy gospels such as that of James (the first to introduce the perpetual ...
The historical reliability of the Gospels is evaluated by experts who have not reached complete consensus. While all four canonical gospels contain some sayings and events that may meet at least one of the five criteria for historical reliability used in biblical studies, [note 1] the assessment and evaluation of these elements is a matter of ongoing debate.
The New Testament includes four canonical gospels, (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) but there are many gospels not included in the biblical canon. [3] These additional gospels are referred to as either New Testament apocrypha or pseudepigrapha. [4] [5] Some of these texts have impacted Christian traditions, including many forms of iconography.
Tatian's most influential work is the Diatessaron, a Biblical paraphrase, or "harmony", of the four gospels that became the standard text of the four gospels in the Syriac-speaking churches until the 5th-century, after which it gave way to the four separate gospels in the Peshitta version.
However, in the 19th century, a theory was developed known as Marcan priority, which held that Mark was the first of the four gospels written. [8] In this view, Mark was a source used by both Matthew and Luke, who agree with each other in their sequence of stories and events only when they also agree with Mark. [36]
The Diatessaron is notable evidence for the authority already enjoyed by the gospels by the mid- to late-2nd century. [7] Within twenty years after Tatian's harmony was written, Irenaeus was expressly arguing for the authoritative character of the Four Gospels. It is unclear whether Tatian intended the Diatessaron to supplement or replace the ...
The Book of Kells contains the four Gospels of the Christian scriptures written in black, red, purple, and yellow ink in an insular majuscule script, preceded by prefaces, summaries, and concordances of Gospel passages. [37] Today, it consists of 340 vellum leaves, or folios, totalling 680 pages. [38] Almost all folios are numbered at recto ...
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