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Like the statistical mean and median, the mode is a way of expressing, in a (usually) single number, important information about a random variable or a population. The numerical value of the mode is the same as that of the mean and median in a normal distribution, and it may be very different in highly skewed distributions.
a measure of location, or central tendency, such as the arithmetic mean; a measure of statistical dispersion like the standard mean absolute deviation; a measure of the shape of the distribution like skewness or kurtosis; if more than one variable is measured, a measure of statistical dependence such as a correlation coefficient
the weighted arithmetic mean of the median and two quartiles. Winsorized mean an arithmetic mean in which extreme values are replaced by values closer to the median. Any of the above may be applied to each dimension of multi-dimensional data, but the results may not be invariant to rotations of the multi-dimensional space. Geometric median
The mean of a set of observations is the arithmetic average of the values; however, for skewed distributions, the mean is not necessarily the same as the middle value (median), or the most likely value (mode). For example, mean income is typically skewed upwards by a small number of people with very large incomes, so that the majority have an ...
The median of a symmetric unimodal distribution coincides with the mode. The median of a symmetric distribution which possesses a mean μ also takes the value μ. The median of a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ 2 is μ. In fact, for a normal distribution, mean = median = mode.
The IQR, mean, and standard deviation of a population P can be used in a simple test of whether or not P is normally distributed, or Gaussian. If P is normally distributed, then the standard score of the first quartile, z 1 , is −0.67, and the standard score of the third quartile, z 3 , is +0.67.
It is used to estimate the central location of the univariate data by the calculation of mean, median and mode. [7] Each of these calculations has its own advantages and limitations. The mean has the advantage that its calculation includes each value of the data set, but it is particularly susceptible to the influence of outliers. The median is ...
Robust measures of scale can be used as estimators of properties of the population, either for parameter estimation or as estimators of their own expected value.. For example, robust estimators of scale are used to estimate the population standard deviation, generally by multiplying by a scale factor to make it an unbiased consistent estimator; see scale parameter: estimation.