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  2. Abiotic stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic_stress

    Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development, but it is present only in limited quantities in most of the world's soil. Plants use P mainly in the form of soluble inorganic phosphates (PO 4 −−−) but are subject to abiotic stress when there is not enough soluble PO 4 −−− in the soil ...

  3. Crop tolerance to seawater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_tolerance_to_seawater

    The Salt Farm Texel uses the Maas–Hoffman model for crop response to soil salinity. [6] The model uses a response function starting with a horizontal line connected further on to a downward sloping line. The connection point is also called threshold or tolerance.

  4. Fluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride

    Soluble fluoride salts, of which sodium fluoride is the most common, are toxic, and have resulted in both accidental and self-inflicted deaths from acute poisoning. [4] The lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride per kg body weight).

  5. Photosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

    These include the amount of light available, the amount of leaf area a plant has to capture light (shading by other plants is a major limitation of photosynthesis), the rate at which carbon dioxide can be supplied to the chloroplasts to support photosynthesis, the availability of water, and the availability of suitable temperatures for carrying ...

  6. Halotolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halotolerance

    High levels of salt entering the plant can trigger ionic imbalances which cause complications in respiration and photosynthesis, leading to reduced rates of growth, injury and death in severe cases. To be considered tolerant of saline conditions, the protoplast must show methods of balancing the toxic and osmotic effects of the increased salt ...

  7. Sodium fluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_fluoride

    Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na F.It is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water. It is used in trace amounts in the fluoridation of drinking water to prevent tooth decay, and in toothpastes and topical pharmaceuticals for the same purpose.

  8. Salt tolerance of crops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_tolerance_of_crops

    A third model is based on the method of partial regression, [15] whereby one finds the longest horizontal stretch (the range of no effect) of the yield-ECe relation while beyond that stretch the yield decline sets in (figure below). With this method the trend at the tail-end plays no role.

  9. Soil salinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity

    Detrimental effects on plant growth and yield; Damage to infrastructure (roads, bricks, corrosion of pipes and cables) Reduction of water quality for users, sedimentation problems, increased leaching of metals, [6] especially copper, cadmium, manganese and zinc. Soil erosion ultimately, when crops are too strongly affected by the amounts of salts.