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Failure criteria in this case are related to microscopic fracture. Some of the most popular failure models in this area are the micromechanical failure models, which combine the advantages of continuum mechanics and classical fracture mechanics . [ 1 ]
Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture .
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) ' of machines ') [1] [2] is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. [3]
In continuum mechanics, the maximum distortion energy criterion (also von Mises yield criterion [1]) states that yielding of a ductile material begins when the second invariant of deviatoric stress reaches a critical value. [2] It is a part of plasticity theory that mostly applies to ductile materials, such as some metals.
Also, in the presence of a steady stress superimposed on the cyclic loading, the Goodman relation can be used to estimate a failure condition. It plots stress amplitude against mean stress with the fatigue limit and the ultimate tensile strength of the material as the two extremes. Alternative failure criteria include Soderberg and Gerber. [36]
Applied mechanics – describes the behavior of a body, in either a beginning state of rest or of motion, subjected to the action of forces. [21] Applied mechanics, bridges the gap between physical theory and its application to technology. It is used in many fields of engineering, especially mechanical engineering and civil engineering.
In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses.It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material.
Continuum mechanics is valid for a bending beam. The stress at a cross section varies linearly in the direction of bending, and is zero at the centroid of every cross section . The bending moment at a particular cross section varies linearly with the second derivative of the deflected shape at that location.