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The Judiciary Act of 1925 (43 Stat. 936), also known as the Judge's Bill [1] or Certiorari Act, [2] was an act of the United States Congress that sought to reduce the workload of the Supreme Court of the United States.
The Act created nine new courts that were originally known as the "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals." The new courts had jurisdiction over most appeals of lower court decisions. The Supreme Court could review either legal issues that a court of appeals certified or decisions of court of appeals by writ of certiorari.
Supreme Court of the United States 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444 Established March 4, 1789 ; 235 years ago (1789-03-04) Location Washington, D.C. Coordinates 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444 Composition method Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation Authorised by ...
The Act created nine new courts that were originally known as the "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals." The new courts had jurisdiction over most appeals of lower court decisions. The Supreme Court could review either legal issues that a court of appeals certified or decisions of court of appeals by writ of certiorari.
Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 ("The Certiorari Act" in some texts), the majority of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction has been discretionary. [4] Each year, the court receives approximately 9,000–10,000 petitions for certiorari , of which about 1% (approximately 80–100), are granted plenary review with oral arguments, and an additional 50 ...
The Supreme Court of the United States is the only court specifically established by the Constitution of the United States, implemented in 1789; under the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Court was to be composed of six members—though the number of justices has been nine for most of its history, this number is set by Congress, not the Constitution ...
The schools won their case before a three-judge panel of the Oregon District Court, which granted an injunction against the Act. The defendants appealed their case directly to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court heard the case on 16 and 17 March 1925.
After 1925, most cases have been subject to being granted a writ of certiorari which the Court can grant or deny without ruling on the merits. This change greatly reduced the Court's workload. [1] [2] In the past decade, approximately 7,000-8,000 new cases are filed in the Supreme Court each year. Plenary review, with oral arguments by ...