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The Carolina province was divided into separate proprietary colonies, north and south in 1712, before both became royal colonies in 1729. Earlier, along the coast, the Roanoke Colony was established in 1585, re-established in 1587, and found abandoned in 1590.
The partition of Carolina into the Province of North Carolina and the Province of South Carolina was completed at a meeting of the lords proprietor held at Craven House in London on December 7, 1710, [c] although the same proprietors continued to control both colonies. The first provincial governor of North Carolina was Edward Hyde.
In 1757, Pennsylvania recorded fewer than 1,400 Catholics out of a population of about 200,000. In 1790, when the newly founded United States (formerly the Thirteen Colonies) counted almost four million people in the first national census, there were fewer than 65,000 Catholics (about 1.6% of the population).
Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were founded as proprietary colonies. [21] In 1624, Virginia became the first royal colony when the bankrupt Virginia Company's charter was revoked. [22] Over time, more colonies transitioned to royal control.
The boundary between Virginia and North Carolina was uncertain until a 1728 survey was done under William Byrd II, described in his book The History of the Dividing Line. Until then, many settlers did not know whether their lands were in Virginia or North Carolina. The Albemarle Settlements came to be known in Virginia as "Rogues' Harbor". [3]
Indeed, the entire region dominated politics in the First Party System era: for example, four of the first five presidents—Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe—were from Virginia. The two oldest public universities are also in the South: the University of North Carolina (1795) and the University of Georgia (1785).
More than 50,000 Scots, principally from the west coast, [35] settled in the Thirteen Colonies between 1763 and 1776, the majority of these in their own communities in the South, [36] especially North Carolina, although Scottish individuals and families also began to appear as professionals and artisans in every American town. [37]
In 1712, the two provinces became separate colonies, the colony of North Carolina (formerly Albemarle province) and the colony of South Carolina (formerly Clarendon province). [19] Carolina was the first of three colonies in North America settled by the English to have a comprehensive plan.