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  2. List of problems in loop theory and quasigroup theory

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop...

    In mathematics, especially abstract algebra, loop theory and quasigroup theory are active research areas with many open problems.As in other areas of mathematics, such problems are often made public at professional conferences and meetings.

  3. Loop algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_algebra

    In mathematics, this is insufficient, and the full affine Lie algebra is the vector space [2] ^ = ^ where is the derivation defined above. On this space, the Killing form can be extended to a non-degenerate form, and so allows a root system analysis of the affine Lie algebra.

  4. Quasigroup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasigroup

    A quasigroup with an idempotent element is called a pique ("pointed idempotent quasigroup"); this is a weaker notion than a loop but common nonetheless because, for example, given an abelian group, (A, +), taking its subtraction operation as quasigroup multiplication yields a pique (A, −) with the group identity (zero) turned into a "pointed ...

  5. Loop group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_group

    In its most general form a loop group is a group of continuous mappings from a manifold M to a topological group G.. More specifically, [1] let M = S 1, the circle in the complex plane, and let LG denote the space of continuous maps S 1 → G, i.e.

  6. List of unsolved problems in mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.

  7. Loop (topology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_(topology)

    Two loops a, b in a torus.. In mathematics, a loop in a topological space X is a continuous function f from the unit interval I = [0,1] to X such that f(0) = f(1). In other words, it is a path whose initial point is equal to its terminal point.

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