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The Persian or Dari language functions as the nation's lingua franca and is the native tongue of several of Afghanistan's ethnic groups including the Tajiks, Hazaras, and Aimaqs. [13] Pashto is the native tongue of the Pashtuns , the dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan. [ 14 ]
Dari Persian is the official language for approximately 35 million people in Afghanistan [14] and it serves as the common language for inter-ethnic communication in the country. [15] As defined in the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan, Dari Persian is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan; the other is Pashto. [16]
The Kabuli dialect is an eastern Persian dialect spoken in capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, and its surroundings.Because Kabul was for a long time under the rule of dynasties in both Iran (the Safavids) and India (the Mughals), whom chose Persian as their official language, the Kabuli dialect has enjoyed great prominence as a dialect that has been widely spoken for many centuries.
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people, who mainly live in Afghanistan (predominantly in the Hazarajat (Hazaristan) region, as well as other Hazara-populated areas of Afghanistan), with a significant population in Pakistan (particularly Quetta) and Iran (particularly Mashhad), [13] and by Hazaras in eastern Uzbekistan, northern Tajikistan, the Americas, Europe, and Australia. [14]
The language was brought into the region by various Turkic, Persian and Afghan dynasties, in particular the Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Dynasty. Persian held official status in the court and the administration within these empires and it heavily influenced many of the local languages, particularly Urdu and to some extent modern ...
Standard Persian (Persian: فارسی معیار) is the standard variety of Persian that is the official language of Iran [5] and Tajikistan [6] and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. [7] It is a set of spoken and written formal varieties used by the educated persophones of several nations around the world. [8]
The reason for this usage might be because the term "Afghani" (افغانی) is in fact a valid demonym for Afghans in the overall Persian language, whereas "Afghan" is derived from Pashto. Thus, "Afghan" is the anglicized form of "Afghani" when translating from Dari Persian, but not from Pashto. [80]
Aimaq or Aimaqi (Persian: ایماقی, romanized: Aimāqi) is the dominant eastern Persian ethnolect spoken by the Aimaq people in central northwest Afghanistan (west of the Hazarajat) and eastern Iran. It is close to the Dari varieties of Persian. [2] The Aimaq people are thought to have a 5–15% literacy rate. [1]