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The HIV p17 matrix protein (MA) is a 17 kDa protein, of 132 amino acids, which comprises the N-terminus of the Gag polyprotein.It is responsible for targeting Gag polyprotein to the plasma membrane via interaction with PI(4,5)P2 through its highly basic region (HBR). [3]
The Gag polyprotein has three domains required for activity: an N-terminal membrane-binding (M) domain (which corresponds to the matrix protein) that directs Gag to the plasma membrane, an interaction (I) domain involved in Gag aggregation, and a late assembly (L) domain that mediates the budding process . [2]
The expression of gag alone gives rise to assembly of immature virus-like particles that bud from the plasma membrane. In all retroviruses the Gag protein is the precursor to the internal structural protein. [12] Protease (pro) is expressed differently in different viruses. It functions in proteolytic cleavages during virion maturation to make ...
The general retrovirus genome consists of three genes vital for the invasion, replication, escape, and spreading of its viral genome. These three genes are gag (encodes for structural proteins for the viral core), pol (encodes for reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease), and env (encodes for coat proteins for the
In addition to these three polyproteins: Gag, Pol and Env, common to all retroviruses, MLV also produces the p50/p60 proteins issued from an alternative splicing of its genomic RNA.. [6] The genomic molecule contains a 5' methylated cap structure and a 3' poly-adenosine tail. [citation needed]
Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (HERV-W) is a family of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are part of a superfamily of repetitive and transposable elements . Transposable elements are sequences of DNA that can move or "jump" around the genome, sometimes replicating and inserting themselves in different locations.
While there are significant differences in sequence of the env gene between retroviruses, the gene is always located downstream of gag, pro, and pol. The env mRNA must be spliced for expression. The mature product of the env gene is the viral spike protein, which has two main parts: the surface protein (SU) and the transmembrane protein (TM).
The Gag-Pol region containing the protease gene flanked by p6 pol at the N-terminus and reverse transcriptase at the C-terminus. Pol (DNA polymerase) refers to a gene in retroviruses, or the protein produced by that gene. Products of pol include: