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In all retroviruses the Gag protein is the precursor to the internal structural protein. [12] Protease (pro) is expressed differently in different viruses. It functions in proteolytic cleavages during virion maturation to make mature gag and pol proteins. Retroviral Gag proteins are responsible for coordinating many aspects of virion assembly.
The HIV p17 matrix protein (MA) is a 17 kDa protein, of 132 amino acids, which comprises the N-terminus of the Gag polyprotein.It is responsible for targeting Gag polyprotein to the plasma membrane via interaction with PI(4,5)P2 through its highly basic region (HBR). [3]
Retroviral matrix proteins are components of envelope-associated capsids of retroviruses. These proteins line the inner surface of viral envelopes and are associated with viral membranes. [1] Matrix proteins are produced as N-terminal domains of Gag precursor polyproteins.
The general retrovirus genome consists of three genes vital for the invasion, replication, escape, and spreading of its viral genome. These three genes are gag (encodes for structural proteins for the viral core), pol (encodes for reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease), and env (encodes for coat proteins for the
Similar to retroviruses, the gag protein is essential for capsid assembly and the packaging of the TE's RNA and associated proteins. The pol protein is necessary for reverse transcription and includes these crucial domains: PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), RH , and INT (integrase).
The Gag-Pol polyprotein, which contains premature coding proteins, including HIV-1 PR. [9] PR is located between the reverse transcriptase (which is at the C-terminus of PR) and the p6 pol (which is at the N-terminus of PR) of the transframe region (TFR).
Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (HERV-W) is a family of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are part of a superfamily of repetitive and transposable elements . Transposable elements are sequences of DNA that can move or "jump" around the genome, sometimes replicating and inserting themselves in different locations.
The Gag-Pol region containing the protease gene flanked by p6 pol at the N-terminus and reverse transcriptase at the C-terminus. Pol (DNA polymerase) refers to a gene in retroviruses, or the protein produced by that gene. Products of pol include: