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Gingival retraction or gingival recession is when there is lateral movement of the gingival margin away from the tooth surface. [1] [2] It is usually termed gingival retraction as an intentional procedure, and in such cases it is performed by mechanical, chemical, or electrical means in order to perform certain dental surgery procedures.
The position of the gingival margin should be carefully assessed and documented, as gingival recession is a critical factor in determining attachment loss. [4] [6] Gingival recession is defined as the apical displacement of the gingival margin, exposing the root surface. [4]
Using the mucogingival junction as the boundary demarcating the apical border of the attached gingiva, a periodontal probe is inserted into the gingival sulcus to measure how much of the keratinized gingiva coronal to the mucogingival junction is in fact attached to the underlying bone. The depth of the gingival sulcus, determined by the depth ...
The marginal gingiva is stabilized by the gingival fibers that have no bony support. The gingival margin, or free gingival crest, at the most superficial part of the marginal gingiva, is also easily seen clinically, and its location should be recorded on a patient's chart. [2]
The epithelial attachment does not migrate, it simply remains at the same attachment level found in pre-pathological health. The only anatomical landmark experiencing migration is the gingival margin in a coronal direction. In a gingival pocket, no destruction of the connective tissue fibers (gingival fibers) or alveolar bone occurs.
1: Total loss of attachment (clinical attachment loss, CAL) is the sum of 2: Gingival recession, and 3: Probing depth. Gingival recession, also known as gum recession and receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth. [1]
No disease (gingival pockets < 3 mm) 1: Bleeding on probing, but gingival pockets < 3 mm 2: Periodontal pocketing < 3mm, but calculus (dental) present with or without plaque retentive factors such as "overhanging" restorations 3: Shallow periodontal pockets 4 - 5.5 mm (i.e. first band on probe partially visible) 4
The tip of the instrument is placed with light pressure of 10-20 grams [1] into the gingival sulcus, which is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding tissue. It is important to keep the periodontal probe parallel to the contours of the root of the tooth and to insert the probe down to the base of the pocket .