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Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. It is a progressive disease that has four stages [ 1 ] and is the most common cause of adult flatfoot . [ 2 ]
The tendon also can become inflamed, causing a painful condition called posterior tibial tendonitis or posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
The tibialis posterior muscle originates on the inner posterior border of the fibula laterally. [2] It is also attached to the interosseous membrane medially, which attaches to the tibia and fibula. [2] The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (sometimes called the posterior tibial tendon) descends posterior to the medial malleolus. [2]
If non-invasive treatment measures fail, tarsal tunnel release surgery may be recommended. Tarsal tunnel release is a form of a nerve decompression to relieve pressure on the tibial nerve. The incision is made behind the ankle bone and then down towards but not as far as the bottom of foot. The posterior tibial nerve is identified above the ankle.
In the case of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction causing flatfoot, sinus tarsi syndrome can also develop due to the disruption in the entire structure of the foot. [ 4 ] The condition is also thought to be caused by ankle/subtalar joint instability causing inflammation in the area.
Tendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. [2] The pain is typically worse with movement. [2] It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis).
Some stretches to help prevent injury to the posterior cruciate ligament include stretching of the hamstring muscles by extending the legs, toes pointing up, leaning forward until the stretch is felt and holding for a few seconds. Exercises that strengthen the knee joints and the hamstrings include prone knee flexion.
The flexor retinaculum of foot extends from the medial malleolus to the medical process of the calcaneus, and the following structures in order from medial to lateral: the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle, the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle, the posterior tibial artery and vein, the tibial nerve, and the tendon of the ...