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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, [9] is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. [4] Classically, the four defects are: [ 4 ] pulmonary stenosis , which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle;
Cœur en sabot (French for "clog-shaped heart" or "boot-shaped heart" [1]) is a radiological sign seen most commonly in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, [2] a cyanotic congenital heart disease. It is a radiological term to describe the following findings in the x-ray: [ citation needed ]
Today, a dedicated fetal echocardiogram can detect nearly 100% of serious congenital heart disease. Yet most pregnant women do not have a fetal echocardiogram but rather undergo a general obstetric ultrasound that may detect only around a third of fetal heart disease. To improve detection, some propose universal fetal echocardiography. [2]
English: What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart condition characterized by four heart abnormalities—stenosis in the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and aortic override of septal defect. Together, these can cause cyanosis in the newborn.
A diagnosis of TOF is usually made with echocardiography, which can even be done prenatally. Most patients with tetralogy of Fallot will have cardiac repair surgery in the first year of life, where the ventricular septal defect is closed with a patch, and the right ventricular outflow tract is enlarged.
[6] [31] If congenital heart disease is suspected in a newborn, doctors will likely perform several tests to evaluate the heart, including a chest x-ray, echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram. [32] In tetralogy of Fallot, episodes in which infants become cyanotic are called tet spells, typically occurring during feeding or crying. [18]
Thus, oxygenated blood that recirculates back to the lungs can mix with blood that circulates throughout the body and can keep the body oxygenated until surgery can be performed. [5] Atrial septostomy can also be performed, usually with a cardiac catheter instead of surgery, to enlarge a natural connection between the heart's upper chambers ...
The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum.The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.The caudal end of the bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles (aortic vestibule & conus arteriosus respectively). [2]