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It refers to the portion of the teeth that forms a convex protuberance at the cervical third of the anatomic crown. It represents the lingual or palatal developmental lobe of these teeth. [1] In zoology and palaeontology, cingulum refers to this feature only in the upper teeth. When this occurs in the lower teeth it is called the cingulid.
Some animals don't have a cingulid. Those that do may have them on only some, or all of the teeth, though most often on the molar teeth. It can be on the upper or lower teeth, or both. There are four common descriptions of the position of the cingulid: Lingual cingulid - a cingulid on the side of the tooth that is next to the tongue
Sometimes it can also be found on the facial surface of the anterior tooth. [3] The term 'talon cusp' refers to the same condition as dens evaginatus; however, talon cusp is more specifically the manifestation of dens evaginatus on the anterior teeth. Talon cusp can be simply defined as hyperplasia of the cingulum of an anterior tooth.
Anterior teeth. Type 1 - Talon, a well defined additional cusp that projects palatally and extends at least half the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the incisal edge; Type 2 - Semitalon, an additional cusp that extends less than half the distance from the CEJ to the incisal edge; Type 3 - Trace talon, prominent cingula ...
On anterior teeth, they are located on the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface; on posterior teeth, they are located on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface. Triangular ridges are those that project from the cusp tips of premolar and molars to the central groove.
For the outer (facial) surfaces of all teeth, the height of curvature is located in the cervical third of the teeth. In the inner (lingual) surfaces of anterior teeth, both upper and lower, the height of curvature is also located in the cervical third of the tooth, on the cingulum.
Both the upper and lower dentition retain anterior cingula. In addition, all molars display a longitudinal blade formed by the hypoconid being positioned lingually (towards the tongue) from the paracristid. The crest in front of the paracone (known as the preparacrista) is almost parallel to the tooth row.
It was theorized that positive selection for shovel-shaped incisors over the spatulate incisors is more commonly found within cultures that used their teeth as tools due to a greater structural strength in increased shovel-shaped incisors. [2] In some instances, incisors can present a more pronounced version of this called double shovel-shaped.