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The heating value depends on the source of gas that is used and the process that is used to liquefy the gas. The range of heating value can span ±10 to 15 percent. A typical value of the higher heating value of LNG is approximately 50 MJ/kg or 21,500 BTU/lb. [2] A typical value of the lower heating value of LNG is 45 MJ/kg or 19,350 BTU/lb.
A log-lin vapor pressure chart for various liquids. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature, the lower the normal boiling point (i.e., the boiling point at atmospheric pressure) of the liquid. The vapor pressure chart to the right has graphs of the vapor pressures versus temperatures for a variety of liquids. [10]
Lee [4] developed a modified form of the Antoine equation that allows for calculating vapor pressure across the entire temperature range using the acentric factor (𝜔) of a substance. The fundamental structure of the equation is based on the van der Waals equation and builds upon the findings of Wall [ 5 ] and Gutmann et al. [ 6 ] , who ...
LNG: 154.7 WEL: 155 Zhang et al. 153 21 Sc scandium; use: 332.7 LNG: 332.7 WEL: 318 Zhang et al. 310 22 Ti titanium; use: 425 LNG: 425 WEL: 425 Zhang et al. 427 23 V vanadium; use: 444 LNG: 459 WEL: 453 Zhang et al. 451 24 Cr chromium; use: 339.5 LNG: 339.5 WEL: 339 Zhang et al. 347 25 Mn manganese; use: 221 LNG: 221 WEL: 220 Zhang et al. 225 ...
At ambient pressure the boiling point of liquefied helium is 4.22 K (−268.93 °C). Below 2.17 K liquid 4 He becomes a superfluid (Nobel Prize 1978, Pyotr Kapitsa) and shows characteristic properties such as heat conduction through second sound, zero viscosity and the fountain effect among others.
Compressibility factor values are usually obtained by calculation from equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation which take compound-specific empirical constants as input. For a gas that is a mixture of two or more pure gases (air or natural gas, for example), the gas composition must be known before compressibility can be calculated.
LNG: 14.39 Notes. Values refer to the enthalpy change between the liquid phase and the most stable solid phase at the melting point (normal, 101.325 kPa).
The pressure on a pressure-temperature diagram (such as the water phase diagram shown above) is the partial pressure of the substance in question. A phase diagram in physical chemistry , engineering , mineralogy , and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct ...