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In humans, the MSTN gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at position 32.2. [5] Myostatin (also known as growth differentiation factor 8, abbreviated GDF8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSTN gene. [6] Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7]
The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens.Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. For example, current North American and international usage uses [citation needed] estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours the earlier spelling gonadotrophin.
The myometrium is located between the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall) and the serosa or perimetrium (the outer uterine layer).. The inner one-third of the myometrium (termed the junctional or sub-endometrial layer) appears to be derived from the Müllerian duct, while the outer, more predominant layer of the myometrium appears to originate from non-Müllerian tissue and is ...
Due to myostatin's effect as a negative regulator of bone, its inhibition has also been considered for orthopedic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. [15] Myostatin inhibitors were generally able to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat in people with sarcopenia, but the extent to which this translated into functional improvements ...
Myostatin, a TGF-beta superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle growth. [1] Myostatin binds to ACVR2B and to a lesser extent ACVR2A. In mice that were ACVR2A −/− ( null ) mutants there was an increase in all four muscle groups studied ( pectoralis , triceps , quadriceps , and gastrocnemious / plantaris muscles). [ 1 ]
Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare genetic condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased skeletal muscle size. [1] Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies, but increases in muscle strength are not usually congruent. [ 2 ]
In humans, the uterus is located within the pelvic region immediately behind and almost overlying the bladder, and in front of the sigmoid colon. The human uterus is pear-shaped and about 7.6 cm (3.0 in) long, 4.5 cm (1.8 in) broad (side to side), and 3.0 cm (1.2 in) thick. [2] [3] A typical adult uterus weighs about 60 grams.
The definition and use of the term myokine first occurred in 2003. [5] In 2008, the first myokine, myostatin, was identified. [4] [6] The gp130 receptor cytokine IL-6 (Interleukin 6) was the first myokine found to be secreted into the blood stream in response to muscle contractions.