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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules.
Nodules that are calcified are included in the category "OTHER X-ray findings, No follow-up needed". Chest x-ray showing discrete round nodule(s) with round edges without calcification, after secondary tuberculosis.
The most frequent findings on a computed tomography (CT) of the chest are multiple primary nodules and/or masses, on a background of mosaic attenuation and airway wall thickening. [2] [9] The nodules have an indolent pattern of growth and are found throughout the lungs. The nodules are typically rounded and well-defined.
[4] [13] The presence of inflammation and infection in the airways also results in the production of excess mucus, which must be coughed up as sputum. [4] [6] The combination of inflammation, nodule development, infection, mucus, and frequent cough contributes to the breathing difficulties in DPB. [4] [5]
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
Pulmonary laceration is usually accompanied by hemoptysis (coughing up blood or of blood-stained sputum). [12] Thoracoscopy may be used in both diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary laceration. [8] A healing laceration may resemble a lung nodule on radiographs, but unlike pulmonary nodules, lacerations decrease in size over time on radiographs. [4]
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) [1] containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. This pus -filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness from injury.
CT of a subpleural nodule (halo sign) [23] On chest X-ray and CT, pulmonary aspergillosis classically manifests as a halo sign, and later, an air crescent sign. [24] In hematologic patients with invasive aspergillosis, the galactomannan test can make the diagnosis in a noninvasive way. Galactomannan is a component of the fungal wall. [13]
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