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A chloroplast (/ ˈ k l ɔːr ə ˌ p l æ s t,-p l ɑː s t /) [1] [2] is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which capture the energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy and release oxygen.
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Chloroplast-new.jpg licensed with PD-user-en, PD-user-w . 2005-11-26T06:46:29Z Ollin 748x501 (54894 Bytes) A person whose nickname is “It'sJustMe“ made this file in Microsoft Visio. the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain.
Chloroplasts also need to balance the ratios of photosystem I and II for the electron transfer chain. The redox state of the electron carrier plastoquinone in the thylakoid membrane directly affects the transcription of chloroplast genes encoding proteins of the reaction centers of the photosystems, thus counteracting imbalances in the electron ...
For example, chloroplasts in plants and green algae have lost all phycobilisomes, the light harvesting complexes found in cyanobacteria, red algae and glaucophytes, but instead contain stroma and grana thylakoids. The glaucocystophycean plastid—in contrast to chloroplasts and rhodoplasts—is still surrounded by the remains of the ...
Each of the envelope membranes is a lipid bilayer that is between 6 and 8 nm thick. The lipid composition of the outer membrane has been found to be 48% phospholipids, 46% galactolipids and 7% sulfolipids, while the inner membrane has been found to contain 16% phospholipids, 79% galactolipids and 5% sulfolipids in spinach chloroplasts.
English: Diagram of chloroplast replication. Sources: 1—The Plant Cell—A Plant-Specific Dynamin-Related Protein Forms a Ring at the Chloroplast Division Site. 2—Traffic—Chloroplast Division. 3—Journal of Cell Science—DNA replication in chloroplasts
A diagram showing the simple structure of a chloroplast}} {{bs|1=Vektorska verzija datoteke File:Chloroplast-new.jpg. Dijagram prikazuje jednostavnu strukturu hloroplasta} File usage No pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed).
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