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A planned economy is a type of economic system where investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economy-wide economic plans and production plans. A planned economy may use centralized , decentralized , participatory or Soviet-type forms of economic planning .
A centrally planned economy combines public ownership of the means of production with centralized state planning. This model is usually associated with the Soviet-type command economy. In a centrally planned economy, decisions regarding the quantity of goods and services to be produced are planned in advance by a planning agency.
In a centrally planned economy, the allocation of resources is determined by a comprehensive plan of production which specifies output requirements. [4] Planning can also take the form of indicative planning within a market-based economy, where the state employs market instruments to induce independent firms to achieve development goals.
The unique features of Soviet-style economy were an ideologically driven attempt to build a total economic plan for the whole society, as well as unquestioned paradigm of superiority of the state socialist system. Attempts to modify or optimize the former based on pragmatic analysis of economic outcomes were hindered by the latter.
The complex demands of the modern economy somewhat constrained the central planners. Data fiddling became common practice among the bureaucracy by reporting fulfilled targets and quotas, thus entrenching the crisis. From the Stalin-era to the early Brezhnev-era, the Soviet economy grew slower than Japan and faster than the United States. GDP ...
“We see a number of political leaders in the U.S. who want to emulate the Chinese model of a centralized, planned economy and other policies. It stunts economic freedom.”
Mixed economy (a hybrid that blends some aspects of both market and planned economies) Planned economy ("hands on" systems, such as state socialism, also known as "command economy" when referring to the Soviet model) Other types: Traditional economy (a generic term for older economic systems, opposed to modern economic systems)
The country moved to a Soviet-style, centrally planned economy where virtually everyone was employed by the state and all imports and exports were controlled by the government.