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The monopole antenna was invented in 1895 by radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi; for this reason it is sometimes called the Marconi antenna. [4] [5] [6] The load impedance of the quarter-wave monopole is half that of the dipole antenna or 37.5 ohms. Common types of monopole antenna are
A whip antenna is an antenna consisting of a straight flexible wire or rod. The bottom end of the whip is connected to the radio receiver or transmitter. A whip antenna is a form of monopole antenna. The antenna is designed to be flexible so that it does not break easily, and the name is derived from the whip-like motion that it exhibits when ...
A 1 / 4 λ monopole antenna and its ground image together form a 1 / 2 λ dipole that radiates only in the upper half of space. The vertical, Marconi, or monopole antenna is a single-element antenna usually fed at the bottom (with the shield side of its unbalanced transmission line connected to ground). It behaves essentially ...
It is shaped like the Greek letter Π or an upside-down capital letter U, and is the loop antenna analog of a ground-mounted monopole antenna. Similar to how a vertical monopole uses its ground system to produce a "phantom" image of the rest of a dipole, the missing lower half of the half-loop is replaced by its ground-plane image. If shaped ...
The vertical antenna is a monopole antenna, not balanced with respect to ground. The ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a monopole. Since monopole antennas rely on a conductive surface, they may be mounted with a ground plane to approximate the effect of being mounted on the Earth's surface.
For a monopole antenna (a), the Earth acts as a ground plane to reflect radio waves directed downwards, making them seem to come from a virtual "image antenna" (b).In telecommunications, a ground plane is a flat or nearly flat horizontal conducting surface that serves as part of an antenna, to reflect the radio waves from the other antenna elements.
The simplest antennas, monopole and dipole antennas, consist of one or two straight metal rods along a common axis. These axially symmetric antennas have radiation patterns with a similar symmetry, called omnidirectional patterns; they radiate equal power in all directions perpendicular to the antenna, with the power varying only with the angle ...
The rubber ducky antenna (or rubber duck aerial) is an electrically short monopole antenna, invented by Richard B. Johnson, that functions somewhat like a base-loaded whip antenna. It consists of a springy wire in the shape of a narrow helix , sealed in a rubber or plastic jacket to protect the antenna. [ 1 ]