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Town gas is a more general term referring to manufactured gaseous fuels produced for sale to consumers and municipalities. [1] The original coal gas was produced by ...
Gas plants were built in almost every town, main streets were brightly illuminated and gas was piped in the streets to the majority of urban households. The invention of the gas meter and the pre-payment meter in the late 1880s played an important role in selling town gas to domestic and commercial customers. 1934 gas cooker in England
The oldest type, introduced in 1798 by Murdoch, et al.; when the term "manufactured gas" or "town gas" is used without qualifiers, it generally refers to coal gas. Substantially greater illuminant yield with use of special "cannel coal", which may be modern oil shale, richer in hydrocarbons than most regular gas coal (bituminous coal). Wood gas
Most town gas was also odorized, if it did not have its own odor. Modern 'natural gas' used in homes is far less toxic, and has a mercaptan added to it for odor for identifying leaks. Various names are used for producer gas, air gas and water gas generally depending on the fuel source, process or end use including:
Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, [1] in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane . It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol .
Gas lighting in the historical center of Wrocław, Poland, is manually turned off and on daily.. Gas lighting is the production of artificial light from combustion of a fuel gas such as methane, propane, butane, acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, coal gas (town gas) or natural gas.
For bituminous coal, the elemental composition on a dry, ash-free basis of 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis. [40] This composition reflects partly the composition of the precursor plants. The second main fraction of coal is ash, an undesirable, noncombustable mixture of inorganic minerals.
The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where 'Nm³' indicates'm³ in Normal conditions), or sometimes in BTU/scf.In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).