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An example of species that exhibit male-male aggression under polygynous system is Allobates femoralis. Physical aggression can be induced by territorial defense and competition in courtship. [ 13 ] Especially, during the courtship march, a competing male can intercept the female while the male who originally courted the female searches for an ...
Polygyny is associated with an increased sharing of subsistence provided by women. This is consistent with the theory that if women raise the children alone, men can concentrate on the mating effort. Polygyny is also associated with greater environmental variability in the form of variability of rainfall. This may increase the differences in ...
Polygynandry is a mating system in which both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season. [1] In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females, because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females. [2]
A study on the association of alpha males and females during the non-breeding season in wild Capuchin monkeys examined whether alpha males are the preferred mate for females and, secondly, whether female-alpha status and relationship to the alpha-male can be explained through the individual characteristics and or social network of the female. [4]
Some species of male pipefish have a fully or partially enclosed pouch where females deposit eggs. [4] Males then fertilize and carry the offspring in or on his body until the offspring hatch. [12] The pipefish species, Syngnathus typhle males can only carry approximately half of the brood produced by a larger female. [11]
Polygyny threshold model graph. The polygyny threshold model is an evolutionary explanation of polygyny, the mating of one male of a species with more than one female. The model shows how females may gain a higher level of biological fitness by mating with a male who already has a mate. The female makes this choice despite other surrounding ...
Examples of one-female-multi-male structured primate species: many species of tamarin and marmoset Group of patas monkeys (Erthrocebus patas). One-male-multi-female groups are usually characterised by a single resident male who defends a group of (often related) adult females against males from outside the group. [4]
The female-biased sexual size dimorphism observed in many taxa evolved despite intense male-male competition for mates. [29] In Osmia rufa, for example, the female is larger/broader than males, with males being 8–10 mm in size and females being 10–12 mm in size. [30] In the hackberry emperor females are similarly larger than males. [31]