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Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm or neural tube epithelium) consists of cells derived from the ectoderm. Formation of the neuroectoderm is the first step in the development of the nervous system . [ 1 ]
Neuroepithelial cells of the ectoderm begin multiplying rapidly and fold in forming the neural plate, which invaginates during the fourth week of embryonic growth and forms the neural tube. [2] The formation of the neural tube polarizes the neuroepithelial cells by orienting the apical side of the cell to face inward, which later becomes the ...
In vertebrate embryos, the ectoderm can be divided into two parts: the dorsal surface ectoderm also known as the external ectoderm, and the neural plate, which invaginates to form the neural tube and neural crest. [4] The surface ectoderm gives rise to most epithelial tissues, and the neural plate gives rise to most neural tissues.
The neural tube develops in two ways: primary neurulation and secondary neurulation. Primary neurulation divides the ectoderm into three cell types: The internally located neural tube; The externally located epidermis; The neural crest cells, which develop in the region between the neural tube and epidermis but then migrate to new locations
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The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]
Failure of neurulation, especially failure of closure of the neural tube are among the most common and disabling birth defects in humans, occurring in roughly 1 in every 500 live births. [42] Failure of the rostral end of the neural tube to close results in anencephaly, or lack of brain development, and is most often fatal. [43]
The neural crest is a ridge-like structure that is formed transiently between the epidermal ectoderm and neural plate during vertebrate development. Neural crest cells originate from this structure through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, dentin, peripheral and enteric ...