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The prefixes sec (from "secondary") and tert (from "tertiary") refer to the number of additional side chains (or carbons) connected to the first butyl carbon. The prefix "iso" or "iso" means "isolated" while the prefix 'n-' stands for "normal". Butan-2-yl (sec-butyl) group is chiral. The carbon atom at position 2 is a stereocenter.
n, iso and neo are no longer used in the systematic nomenclature, but still frequently in trivial names and in laboratory jargon. The prefix n describes a straight-chain carbon skeleton without branches, whereas iso describes a branched skeleton, without specifying any further details.
Absolute configuration showing the determination of the R and S descriptors. In chemistry, absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecular entity (or group) that is chiral, and its resultant stereochemical description. [1]
Exceptions are cyclo, iso, neo, and spiro which are considered part of the name and therefore not italicized or hyphenated. Substituent groups are also considered part of the name. In former versions of the IUPAC recommendations, names were written with a capital initial letter.
The molecular configuration of a molecule is the permanent geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. [1] The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism.
Trimethylsilyl, tert-butyl, and isopropyl groups can form stable carbocations, hence are ipso directing groups. Meso-substitution refers to the substituents occupying a benzylic position. It is observed in compounds such as calixarenes and acridines. Peri-substitution occurs in naphthalenes for substituents at the 1 and 8 positions. [citation ...
E–Z configuration, or the E–Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry.It is an extension of cis–trans isomer notation (which only describes relative stereochemistry) that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents.
Neopentyl alcohol can be prepared from the hydroperoxide of diisobutylene. [3] It can also be prepared by the reduction of trimethylacetic acid with lithium aluminium hydride.