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Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14] Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2]
Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia in adults, which results from malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a lack or loss of intrinsic factor. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] There are relatively few studies which have assessed the impact of haematological measures in response to B 12 supplementation.
A defect in either of these protein components can cause this syndrome. This is a rare disease, with a prevalence about 1 in 200,000, [1] and is usually seen in patients of European ancestry. Vitamin B 12 is an important vitamin needed for proper functioning of the bone marrow; if deficient, this may lead to decreased marrow output and anemia.
Nutritional anemia can be caused by a lack of iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals that are needed for the formation of hemoglobin. However, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder. [7] Signs of anemia include cyanosis, jaundice, and easy bruising. [7]
Pernicious anemia: D51.0: 9870: Pernicious anemia (also known as macrocytic achylic anemia, congenital pernicious anemia, juvenile pernicious anemia, and Vitamin B12 deficiency) is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias. It is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B 12.
APS-3: Type 1 diabetes, atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, vitiligo, alopecia, and myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune thyroid disease; Addison's disease and/or hypoparathyroidism are not included in this association. [4] APS-4: Combinations that weren't in the earlier groups. [4]
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs), also called polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGASs) [3] or polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes (PASs), are a heterogeneous group [4] of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrine organs can be affected.
Alpha thalassemia is has greatest prevalence in populations originating from Southeast Asia, Mediterranean countries, Africa, the Middle East, India, and Central Asia. [8] Having a mild form of alpha thalassemia has been demonstrated to protect against malaria and thus can be an advantage in malaria endemic areas. [13]