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A cruciform wing is a set of four individual wings arranged in the shape of a cross. The cross may take either of two forms: Wings equally spaced around the cross-section of the fuselage, lying in two planes at right angles, as on a typical missile.
Modern aircraft wings may have different airfoil sections along the wing span, each one optimized for the conditions in each section of the wing. Movable high-lift devices, flaps and sometimes slats, are fitted to airfoils on almost every aircraft. A trailing edge flap acts similarly to an aileron; however, it, as opposed to an aileron, can be ...
Wings with a symmetrical cross-section can also generate lift by using a positive angle of attack to deflect air downward. Symmetrical airfoils have higher stalling speeds than cambered airfoils of the same wing area [8] but are used in aerobatic aircraft as they provide the same flight characteristics whether the aircraft is upright or ...
The NACA four-digit wing sections define the profile by: [2] First digit describing maximum camber as percentage of the chord. Second digit describing the distance of maximum camber from the airfoil leading edge in tenths of the chord. Last two digits describing maximum thickness of the airfoil as percent of the chord. [3]
The mean camber line (or simply "camber line") is constituted by the midpoints of all airfoil cross-section segments perpendicular to the chord. Different definitions for the thickness Note that the thickness can be defined in several ways (see File:Airfoil thickness definition.svg). The so-called "British convention" is used here.
One or more mostly horizontal wings, often with an airfoil cross-section. The wing deflects air downward as the aircraft moves forward, generating lifting force to support it in flight. The wing also provides lateral stability to stop the aircraft level in steady flight. Other roles are to hold the fuel and mount the engines.
Some of the forces acting on a wing spar are: [2] Upward bending loads resulting from the wing lift force that supports the fuselage in flight. These forces are often offset by carrying fuel in the wings or employing wing-tip-mounted fuel tanks; the Cessna 310 is an example of this design feature.
In aeronautics, a canard is a wing configuration in which a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft or a weapon. The term "canard" may be used to describe the aircraft itself, the wing configuration, or the foreplane. [1] [2] [3] Canard wings are also extensively used in guided missiles and smart ...