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For urban dwellers, the poverty line is defined as living on less than 538.60 rupees (approximately US$12) per month, whereas for rural dwellers, it is defined as living on less than 356.35 rupees per month (approximately US$7.50) [66] In 2019, the Indian government stated that 6.7% of its population is below its official poverty limit.
The second table lists countries by the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line—the poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. [9] Definitions of the poverty line vary considerably among nations.
[12] [13] [14] Having an income below the poverty line, which is defined as an income needed to purchase basic needs, is also referred to as primary poverty. The "dollar a day" poverty line was first introduced in 1990 as a measure to meet such standards of living.
The basic needs approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement of absolute poverty in developing countries globally. It works to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being, usually in terms of consumption goods.
The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is a relative poverty measure based on 60% of the median household income. The United States uses a poverty measure based on pre-tax income and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "economy food plan" by which 11% of Americans are living in poverty, but this is disputed.
In May 2014, after revisiting its poverty definition, methodology and economic changes around the world, the World Bank proposed another major revision to PPP calculation methodology, international poverty line and indexing it to 2011 US dollar. [40] The new method proposes setting poverty line at $1.78 per day on 2011 PPP basis.
[9] [10] By the OPM, the poverty threshold for 2021 for a single person was $13,800, and for a family of four was $27,700. [9] In 2020, the World Bank reported that 0.25% of Americans lived below the international definition of extreme poverty, which is living on less than $2.15 per day in 2017 Purchasing Power Parity dollars.
Line Figure % of poor population Poor population World Bank (2021) poverty line 1.90 (PPP $ day) 6 84m [7] lower middle-income line 3.20 (PPP $ day) 26.2 365m [7] upper middle-income line 5.50 (PPP $ day) 60.1 838m [7] Asian Development Bank (2014) poverty line $ 1.51 per person per day [8] Tendulkar Expert Group (2009) urban poverty line