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2. Estimating equations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimating_equations

   The basis of the method is to have, or to find, a set of simultaneous equations involving both the sample data and the unknown model parameters which are to be solved in order to define the estimates of the parameters. [1] Various components of the equations are defined in terms of the set of observed data on which the estimates are to be based.

3. Extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_assumptions...

   An appraiser performing and communicating an appraisal under USPAP may estimate value assuming facts and conditions proscribed by a legal presumption, but a determination would have to be made whether the assumption is an extraordinary assumption or hypothetical condition and communicated appropriately as required under USPAP.

4. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

   Sample sizes may be evaluated by the quality of the resulting estimates, as follows. It is usually determined on the basis of the cost, time or convenience of data collection and the need for sufficient statistical power. For example, if a proportion is being estimated, one may wish to have the 95% confidence interval be

5. Estimator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimator

   In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished. [1] For example, the sample mean is a commonly used estimator of the population mean. There are point and interval ...

6. Bootstrapping (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)

   Given an r-sample statistic, one can create an n-sample statistic by something similar to bootstrapping (taking the average of the statistic over all subsamples of size r). This procedure is known to have certain good properties and the result is a U-statistic. The sample mean and sample variance are of this form, for r = 1 and r = 2.

7. Unbiased estimation of standard deviation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbiased_estimation_of...

   Correction factor versus sample size n.. When the random variable is normally distributed, a minor correction exists to eliminate the bias.To derive the correction, note that for normally distributed X, Cochran's theorem implies that () / has a chi square distribution with degrees of freedom and thus its square root, / has a chi distribution with degrees of freedom.

8. Estimation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation

   The sample provides information that can be projected, through various formal or informal processes, to determine a range most likely to describe the missing information. An estimate that turns out to be incorrect will be an overestimate if the estimate exceeds the actual result [3] and an underestimate if the estimate falls short of the actual ...

9. Sampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)

   A probability sample is a sample in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined. The combination of these traits makes it possible to produce unbiased estimates of population totals, by weighting sampled units according to their ...