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Reduction, if needed, can typically occur after the swelling has come down. [1] Depending on the type of fracture reduction may be closed or open. [3] Outcomes are generally good. [5] Nasal fractures are common, comprising about 40% of facial fractures. [1] [4] Males in their 20s are most commonly affected. [3]
When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their normal anatomical position. Orthopedic surgery attempts to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone by reduction of the displacement.
Commonly injured facial bones include the nasal bone (the nose), the maxilla (the bone that forms the upper jaw), and the mandible (the lower jaw). The mandible may be fractured at its symphysis, body, angle, ramus, and condyle. [4] The zygoma (cheekbone) and the frontal bone (forehead) are other sites for fractures. [13]
The Le Fort II fracture (pyramidal fracture) includes a fracture line from one of the lateral vertical buttresses across the maxillary bone, extending into the inferior orbital rim and crossing the midline (either through the nasal root or nasal bones). [5] The defining feature of this fracture pattern is involvement of the inferior orbital rim ...
Buck's traction, involving skin traction. It is widely used for femoral fractures, low back pain, acetabular fractures and hip fractures. [2] Skin traction rarely causes fracture reduction, but reduces pain and maintains the length of the bone. [2] Dunlop's traction – humeral fractures in children; Russell's traction; Halo-gravity traction
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [5] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. In some cases there may be persistent post-surgical facial asymmetry, which can require further treatment. [6]
The topmost bony part of the nose is formed by the nasal part of the frontal bone, which lies between the brow ridges, [3] and ends in a serrated nasal notch. [4] A left and a right nasal bone join with the nasal part of the frontal bone at either side; and these at the side with the small lacrimal bones and the frontal process of each maxilla. [3]
Septoplasty (Latin: saeptum, "septum" + Ancient Greek: πλάσσειν, romanized: plassein, "to shape"), or alternatively submucous septal resection and septal reconstruction, [1] is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten a deviated nasal septum – the nasal septum being the partition between the two nasal cavities. [2]