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The sugar trehalose, for example, exists in both an anhydrous form (melting point 203 °C) and as a dihydrate (melting point 97 °C). Protein crystals commonly have as much as 50% water content. Molecules are also labeled as hydrates for historical reasons not covered above.
The monohydrate and dihydrate can be distinguished by the shape of the respective crystals. Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals are octahedral . A large portion of the crystals in a urine sediment will have this type of morphology, as they can grow at any pH and naturally occur in normal urine.
A salt with associated water of crystallization is known as a hydrate. The structure of hydrates can be quite elaborate, because of the existence of hydrogen bonds that define polymeric structures. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Historically, the structures of many hydrates were unknown, and the dot in the formula of a hydrate was employed to specify the ...
These applications exploit the fact that calcium sulfate which has been powdered and calcined forms a moldable paste upon hydration and hardens as crystalline calcium sulfate dihydrate. It is also convenient that calcium sulfate is poorly soluble in water and does not readily dissolve in contact with water after its solidification.
Below pH 4.8 the dihydrate and anhydrous forms of dicalcium phosphate are the most stable (insoluble) of the calcium phosphates. The structure of the anhydrous and dihydrated forms have been determined by X-ray crystallography and the structure of the monohydrate was determined by electron crystallography .
The verdict when it comes to if Gatorade is hydrating is this: It absolutely does hydrate the body and can even do so more effectively than water. But that doesn’t mean you should drink it ...
Bottled water may not be safer than tap. But many people think it is. In much of the U.S. — and other wealthy nations — tap water is tightly regulated, frequently tested and “often exceeds ...
Trehalose forms a rhomboid crystal as the dihydrate, and has 90% of the calorific content of sucrose in that form. Anhydrous forms of trehalose readily regain moisture to form the dihydrate . Anhydrous forms of trehalose can show interesting physical properties when heat-treated.