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In organic chemistry, a hydrate is a compound formed by the hydration, i.e. "Addition of water or of the elements of water (i.e. H and OH) to a molecular entity". [5] For example: ethanol , CH 3 −CH 2 −OH , is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene , CH 2 =CH 2 , formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C, and so ...
In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and butan-2-ol. [1]
Dicalcium silicate, which reacts more slowly, only contributes to late strength. Calcium silicate hydrate (also shown as C-S-H) is a result of the reaction between the silicate phases of Portland cement and water. This reaction typically is expressed as: 2 Ca 3 SiO 5 + 7 H 2 O → 3 CaO · 2 SiO 2 · 4 H 2 O + 3 Ca(OH) 2 + 173.6 kJ
[3] [4] Historically, the structures of many hydrates were unknown, and the dot in the formula of a hydrate was employed to specify the composition without indicating how the water is bound. Per IUPAC's recommendations, the middle dot is not surrounded by spaces when indicating a chemical adduct. [5] Examples:
One example is the pair [CrCl(H 2 O) 5]Cl 2 •H 2 O and [Cr(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3. [1] The former has one water of crystallization but the latter does not. Another example is the pair of titanium(III) chlorides, [Ti(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3 and [Ti(H 2 O) 4 Cl 2]Cl(H 2 O) 2. The former is violet and the latter, with two molecules of water of crystallization, is ...
In inorganic chemistry, mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate.. In geological terms, the process of mineral hydration is known as retrograde alteration and is a process occurring in retrograde metamorphism.
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N 2 H 4.It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour.Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine hydrate (N 2 H 4 ·xH 2 O).
In chemistry, a hemihydrate (or semihydrate) is a hydrate whose solid contains one molecule of water of crystallization per two other molecules, or per two unit cells.This is sometimes characterized as a solid that has one "half molecule" of water per unit cell. [1]