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Up-fitted drive-by-wire systems, such as the Paravan Space Drive, have been available since as early as 2003 for existing production vehicles. [6]Several one-off vehicles and concept vehicles implemented steer-by-wire, such as the early-1990s Saab Prometheus, [7] 1996 Mercedes F200, [8] 2001 SKF Filo based on the Opel Zafira, [9] 2003 General Motors Hy-wire, [10] 2005 GM Sequel, [11] 2007 ...
Drive-by-wire may refer to just the propulsion of the vehicle through electronic throttle control, [3] or it may refer to electronic control over propulsion as well as steering and braking, which separately are known as steer by wire and brake by wire, along with electronic control over other vehicle driving functions. [4]
Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire, [3] more commonly known as electronic throttle control; Brake-by-wire; Shift-by-wire in automatic transmissions that are manumatic or in automated manual transmissions. This may include park by wire which actuates the parking pawl as part of the shifting system. Steer-by-wire; Fly-by-wire in aviation contexts
The Airbus A320 family was the first airliner to feature a full glass cockpit and digital fly-by-wire flight control system. The only analogue instruments were the radio magnetic indicator, brake pressure indicator, standby altimeter and artificial horizon, the latter two being replaced by a digital integrated standby instrument system in later production models.
SpeedE, an academic concept car developed for studying drive-by-wire technologies such as brake-by-wire. Brake-by-wire technology in the automotive industry is the ability to control brakes through electronic means, without a mechanical connection that transfers force to the physical braking system from a driver input apparatus such as a pedal or lever.
Nexteer Automotive is a major supplier in the automotive industry, specializing in the production of electric and hydraulic power steering systems, steer-by-wire systems, steering columns, intermediate shafts, driveline systems, and software for original equipment manufacturers .
The steer-by-wire system, which Lexus have branded "One Motion Grip" for some markets, comes with a steering yoke and removes the physical connection between the yoke and the steering rack. The position of the yoke is used to drive a motor attached to the steering rack, while a second motor provides feedback to the yoke itself.
Production battery electric vehicles in the 2020s that offer steer-by-wire with no steering column include the Canoo Lifestyle Vehicle, [31] Lexus RZ 450e, [32] REE Automotive P7-module-based vehicles, [33] Toyota bZ4X, [30] and Tesla Cybertruck. [34] As of 2023 Lotus, [35] Peugeot, [36] and Mercedes-Benz plan to offer steer-by-wire cars in the ...