Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Considerable confusion exists in the literature of this area because: (1) many sources do not distinguish between A G and A 0, but just use the symbol A (and sometimes the name "Richardson constant") indiscriminately; (2) equations with and without the correction factor here denoted by λ R are both given the same name; and (3) a variety of ...
A family of approximate equations, Fowler–Nordheim equations, is named after them. Strictly, Fowler–Nordheim equations apply only to field emission from bulk metals and (with suitable modification) to other bulk crystalline solids, but they are often used – as a rough approximation – to describe field emission from other materials.
In numerical analysis, the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm is a method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations which combines three powerful ideas: Richardson extrapolation, the use of rational function extrapolation in Richardson-type applications, and the modified midpoint method, [1] to obtain numerical solutions to ordinary ...
In oceanography, the Richardson number has a more general form [citation needed] which takes stratification into account. It is a measure of relative importance of mechanical and density effects in the water column, as described by the Taylor–Goldstein equation, used to model Kelvin–Helmholtz instability which is driven by sheared flows.
After trapezoid rule estimates are obtained, Richardson extrapolation is applied. For the first iteration the two piece and one piece estimates are used in the formula 4 × (more accurate) − (less accurate) / 3 . The same formula is then used to compare the four piece and the two piece estimate, and likewise for the higher estimates
Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Fry Richardson in his work dated 1910. It is similar to the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel method. We seek the solution to a set of linear equations, expressed in matrix terms as =.
Here are some formulas for conformal changes in tensors associated with the metric. (Quantities marked with a tilde will be associated with g ~ {\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}} , while those unmarked with such will be associated with g {\displaystyle g} .)
It is named after Lewis Fry Richardson, who introduced the technique in the early 20th century, [1] [2] though the idea was already known to Christiaan Huygens in his calculation of . [3] In the words of Birkhoff and Rota , "its usefulness for practical computations can hardly be overestimated."