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  2. Sporophyll - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporophyll

    Ferns, which may produce sporophylls that are similar to sterile fronds or that appear very different from sterile fronds. These may be non-photosynthetic and lack typical pinnae, e.g. Onoclea sensibilis. Cycads produce strobili, both pollen-producing and seed-producing, that are composed of sporophylls.

  3. Pteridospermatophyta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridospermatophyta

    Pteridospermatophyta, also called "pteridosperms" or "seed ferns" are a polyphyletic [1] grouping of extinct seed-producing plants. The earliest fossil evidence for plants of this type are the lyginopterids of late Devonian age. [ 2 ]

  4. Microsporangium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsporangium

    Microsporangia occur in all vascular plants that have heterosporic life cycles, such as seed plants, spike mosses and the aquatic fern genus Azolla. In gymnosperms and angiosperm anthers , the microsporangia produce microsporocytes, the microspore mother cells , which then produce four microspores through the process of meiosis .

  5. Pteridophyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridophyte

    Historically both lycophytes and monilophytes were grouped together as pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies) on the basis of being spore-bearing ("seed-free"). In Smith's molecular phylogenetic study the ferns are characterised by lateral root origin in the endodermis , usually mesarch protoxylem in shoots, a pseudoendospore, plasmodial tapetum ...

  6. Fern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern

    The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase.

  7. Moresnetiaceae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moresnetiaceae

    Moresnetiaceae is a natural family of seed ferns in the Division Pteridospermatophyta that appears in the North American and European Devonian to Carboniferous coal measures. [ 3 ] Description

  8. Sporangium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporangium

    If the plant is heterosporous, the sporangia-bearing leaves are distinguished as either microsporophylls or megasporophylls. In seed plants, sporangia are typically located within strobili or flowers. Clusters of sporangia on a fern. Cycads form their microsporangia on microsporophylls which are aggregated into strobili. Megasporangia are ...

  9. Strobilus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobilus

    A strobilus (pl.: strobili) is a structure present on many land plant species consisting of sporangia-bearing structures densely aggregated along a stem.Strobili are often called cones, but some botanists restrict the use of the term cone to the woody seed strobili of conifers.

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