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Walipini The interior of a walipini. A walipini is an earth-sheltered cold frame. [1] [2] [3] It derives its name from the Aymaran languages. [4]It is similar in concept to the pineapple pit that was used, as the name implies, to cultivate pineapple and other exotic fruits in Victorian era Britain and in the cold plains of pre-revolution Russia.
A pineapple pit requires a huge amount of fresh manure, and manual labour to maintain the temperature of the central trench. [6] The introduction of steam ships meant that the pineapple pit became obsolete, as it was cheaper to transport fruit from overseas than to grow them under special conditions in the UK. In 2012 the cost of growing a ...
This is a list of countries by pineapple production from 2016 to 2022, based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. [1] The estimated total world production for pineapples in 2022 was 29,361,138 metric tonnes , an increase of 2.3% from 28,714,479 tonnes in 2021. [ 1 ]
Crown sprouting is the ability of a plant to regenerate its shoot system after destruction (usually by fire) by activating dormant vegetative structures to produce regrowth from the root crown (the junction between the root and shoot portions of a plant). [1] These dormant structures take the form of lignotubers or basal epicormic buds.
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In forest ecology , the canopy is the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms ( epiphytes , lianas , arboreal animals , etc.). [ 4 ]
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Crown closure and crown cover are two slightly different measures of the forest canopy and that determine the amount of light able to penetrate to the forest floor. Crown closure, also known as canopy closure, is an integrated measure of the canopy "over a segment of the sky hemisphere above one point on the ground".
In forestry, a tree crown measurement is one of the tree measurements taken at the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown.