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This process of absorption works to reduce the risk of DNA damage and the formation of pyrimidine dimers. UVA light makes up 95% of the UV light that reaches earth, whereas UVB light makes up only about 5%. UVB light is the form of UV light that is responsible for tanning and burning. Sunscreens work to protect from both UVA and UVB rays.
As shown by Wittschieben et al., [10] when DDB2 is in a complex with DDB1, forming the heterodimer DDB, this complex binds strongly to DNA containing one type of UV light-induced photoproduct [the (6-4) photoproduct], to DNA with an abasic site, to DNA containing mismatches without a covalent lesion, and to “compound” lesions containing both mismatches and lesions.
These enzymes require visible light (from the violet/blue end of the spectrum) both for their own activation [1] and for the actual DNA repair. [2] The DNA repair mechanism involving photolyases is called photoreactivation. They mainly convert pyrimidine dimers into a normal pair of pyrimidine bases.
This complex formation is highly favorable and it is demonstrated by UV-DDB's binding preference and high affinity to the UV lesions in the DNA. [3] This complex functions in nucleotide excision repair, recognising UV-induced (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. [1]
Light therapy is preferred over antidepressants in the treatment of SAD because it is a relatively safe and easy therapy. [20] Two methods of light therapy, bright light and dawn simulation, have similar success rates in the treatment of SAD. [21] It is possible that response to light therapy for SAD could be season dependent. [22]
The lab developed “10,000 lux bright light therapy,” which became the standard regimen for brief morning light treatment to reset the internal clock at an earlier position in the 24-hour day. The method has been extended to treatment of nonseasonal depression, bipolar depression and depression during pregnancy. [ 5 ]
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