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Gully erosion may also advance laterally through similar methods, including mass movement, acting on the gully walls (banks), and the development of 'branches' (a type of tributary). Gullies reduce the productivity of farmlands where they incise into the land and produce sediment that may choke downstream waterbodies and reduce water quality ...
Differential erosion – Erosion that occurs at irregular or varying rates, caused by the differences in the resistance and hardness of surface materials; softer and weaker rocks are rapidly worn away, whereas harder and more resistant rocks remain to form ridges, hills, or mountains. Differential erosion, along with the tectonic setting, are ...
Gulch – Deep V-shaped valley formed by erosion; Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil; Hogback – Long, narrow ridge; Hoodoo – Tall, thin spire of relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock; Homoclinal ridge – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
Abrupt contacts coincide with bedding planes and represent a change in depositional environment, but with only a minor hiatus in deposition with no significant erosion. A brief hiatus without erosion is known as a diastem. [4] Gradational contacts occur where the change in depositional environment takes place over a longer period of time.
Foreground shows corals truncated by erosion; behind the geologist is a post-erosion coral pillar which grew on the surface after sea level rose again. In geology and geomorphology, an erosion surface is a surface of rock or regolith that was formed by erosion [1] and not by construction (e.g. lava flows, sediment deposition [1]) nor fault ...
Erosion and changes in the form of river banks may be measured by inserting metal rods into the bank and marking the position of the bank surface along the rods at different times. [23] Thermal erosion is the result of melting and weakening permafrost due to moving water. [24] It can occur both along rivers and at the coast.
This layer can form either a compact crust or a looser, more irregular aggregation of "popcorn" fragments. Located beneath the top layer is a sublayer (~5–10 cm or 2.0–3.9 in), below which can be found a transitional shard layer (~10–40 cm or 3.9–15.7 in), formed largely of loose disaggregated shale chips, which in turn eventually gives ...
Thermokarst is a type of terrain characterised by very irregular surfaces of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when ice-rich permafrost thaws. The land surface type occurs in Arctic areas, and on a smaller scale in mountainous areas such as the Himalayas and the Swiss Alps.