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The EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete is a European Standard. This standard is referenced by EN 1992 . This standard specifies general requirements and definitions for performance characteristics of steel reinforcement suitable for welding, which is used for reinforcement of concrete structures, supplied as finished products:
Reinforcing rebar is placed axially in the column to provide additional axial stiffness. Accounting for the additional stiffness of the steel, the nominal loading capacity P n for the column in terms of the maximum compressive stress of the concrete f c ' , the yield stress of the steel f y , the gross cross section area of the column A g , and ...
A steel column is extended by welding or bolting splice plates on the flanges and webs or walls of the columns to provide a few inches or feet of load transfer from the upper to the lower column section. A timber column is usually extended by the use of a steel tube or wrapped-around sheet-metal plate bolted onto the two connecting timber sections.
The reinforcement in a RC structure, such as a steel bar, has to undergo the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete in order to prevent discontinuity, slip or separation of the two materials under load. Maintaining composite action requires transfer of load between the concrete and steel.
Steel never turns into a liquid below this temperature. Pure Iron ('Steel' with 0% Carbon) starts to melt at 1,492 °C (2,718 °F), and is completely liquid upon reaching 1,539 °C (2,802 °F). Steel with 2.1% Carbon by weight begins melting at 1,130 °C (2,070 °F), and is completely molten upon reaching 1,315 °C (2,399 °F).
The reinforcement is often steel rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available. Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress ) using internal steel cables (tendons), allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete alone.
Sandwich theory [1] [2] describes the behaviour of a beam, plate, or shell which consists of three layers—two facesheets and one core. The most commonly used sandwich theory is linear and is an extension of first-order beam theory.
The applied reinforcement yield stress is = 500 N/mm². The mass density of the reinforcing bars is 7800 kg/m 3. In the table is the computed brittle material stress. is the optimised amount of reinforcement.