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The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. In the 20th year of Artaxerxes I (445 or 444 BC), [4] Nehemiah was cup-bearer to the king. [5] Learning that the remnant of Jews in Judah were in distress and that the walls of Jerusalem were broken down, he asked the king for permission to return and rebuild the city, [6] around 13 years after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem in ca. 458 BC. [7]
Nehemiah is a cup-bearer to king Artaxerxes I of Persia – an important official position. At his own request Nehemiah is sent to Jerusalem as governor of Yehud, the official Persian name for Judah. Jerusalem had been conquered and destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC and Nehemiah finds it still in ruins.
Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperor's son and heir, Xerxes I.In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Hazarapat ("commander of thousand") Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court, with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres. [9]
Nehemiah was passionate for the glory of God, so even while driven by empathy, before he formulated any plan, his first response was to pray to God. [16] Eight times in his prayer, Nehemiah uses the term servant to refer himself, the Jewish people or Moses, also to begin and to close his prayer, showing his 'reverential submission' to God. [17]
Nehemiah 13 is the thirteenth (and the final) chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, [1] or the 23rd chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah as one book. [2]
Nehemiah before the king Artaxerxes I. Illustration of Book of Nehemiah Chapter 2. Biblical illustrations by Jim Padgett. The scene of this part is the banqueting hall of King Artaxerxes, where Nehemiah carries out his duties as a cup-bearer. [9] [10] H. E. Ryle suggests that Nehemiah is the king's "favourite cup-bearer". [11]
Nehemiah begins with the work of Eliashib the high priest and his fellow priests to symbolize 'the holy and noble task' in which everyone was engaged. [ 12 ] "The sheep gate": also mentioned in Nehemiah 3:32 and Nehemiah 12:39 ; could be the same gate as mentioned in John 5:2 , Now there is in Jerusalem by the sheep gate a pool, which is called ...
Painting of Ezra on wood panel from the Dura-Europos synagogue (3rd century CE). The canonical Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah are the oldest sources for the activity of Ezra, [11] whereas many of the other books ascribed to Ezra (First Esdras, 3–6 Ezra) are later literary works dependent on the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah.