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Phase Portrait Behavior [1] Eigenvalue, Trace, Determinant Phase Portrait Shape λ 1 & λ 2 are real and of opposite sign; Determinant < 0 Saddle (unstable) λ 1 & λ 2 are real and of the same sign, and λ 1 ≠ λ 2; 0 < determinant < (trace 2 / 4) Node (stable if trace < 0, unstable if trace > 0) λ 1 & λ 2 have both a real and imaginary ...
The signs of the eigenvalues indicate the phase plane's behaviour: If the signs are opposite, the intersection of the eigenvectors is a saddle point . If the signs are both positive, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system diverges away from, and the intersection is an unstable node .
If the eigenvalue is equal to one, the bifurcation is either a saddle-node (often called fold bifurcation in maps), transcritical or pitchfork bifurcation. If the eigenvalue is equal to −1, it is a period-doubling (or flip) bifurcation, and otherwise, it is a Hopf bifurcation. Examples of local bifurcations include: Saddle-node (fold) bifurcation
But the topological conjugacy in this context does provide the full geometric picture. In effect, the nonlinear phase portrait near the equilibrium is a thumbnail of the phase portrait of the linearized system. This is the meaning of the following regularity results, and it is illustrated by the saddle equilibrium in the example below.
Plot of the Duffing map showing chaotic behavior, where a = 2.75 and b = 0.15. Phase portrait of a two-well Duffing oscillator (a differential equation, rather than a map) showing chaotic behavior. The Duffing map (also called as 'Holmes map') is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic ...
Complex eigenvalues of an arbitrary map (dots). In case of the Hopf bifurcation, two complex conjugate eigenvalues cross the imaginary axis. In the mathematical theory of bifurcations, a Hopf bifurcation is a critical point where, as a parameter changes, a system's stability switches and a periodic solution arises. [1]
In quantum computing, the quantum phase estimation algorithm is a quantum algorithm to estimate the phase corresponding to an eigenvalue of a given unitary operator.Because the eigenvalues of a unitary operator always have unit modulus, they are characterized by their phase, and therefore the algorithm can be equivalently described as retrieving either the phase or the eigenvalue itself.
Some typical examples of the time series and phase portraits of the Duffing equation, ... ISBN 978-0-19-920824-1 ...