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A distribution transformer or service transformer provides a final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. [1] The invention of a practical, efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution ...
Single- and three-phase pad-mounted transformers are used in underground industrial and residential power distribution systems, where there is a need for safe, reliable, and aesthetically appealing transformer design. Their enclosed construction allows the installation of pad-mount transformers in public areas without protective fencing.
Some of New York City's downtown areas are powered by submersible network transformers of 500 to 2,500 kVA. Usually these transformers are in vaults below metal grates in the sidewalks. [3] Urban (spot) network transformer substations can be used to make interconnected distribution networks to serve a single facility.
Rural distribution is mostly above ground with utility poles, and suburban distribution is a mix. [1] Closer to the customer, a distribution transformer steps the primary distribution power down to a low-voltage secondary circuit, usually 120/240 V in the US for residential customers.
Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage used by lighting, industrial equipment or household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through secondary distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops.
Large transformers used in power distribution or electrical substations have their core and coils immersed in oil, which cools and insulates. Oil circulates through ducts in the coil and around the coil and core assembly, moved by convection.
In North America, the 120/240 V split phase system is used for residential service drops. [3] [4] A pole-mounted single phase distribution transformer usually provides power for one or two residences. The secondary winding of the transformer provides 240 volts between its ends and is center tapped.
A pole-mounted three-phase distribution transformer. Low-voltage feeders distributing power to households are placed below the transformer. A low-voltage network or secondary network is a part of electric power distribution which carries electric energy from distribution transformers to electricity meters of end customers.
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