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A Bonneville Dam Kaplan turbine after 61 years of service. The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, [1] who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level.
Kaplan turbine: This turbine is a propeller-type turbine which has adjustable blades to achieve efficiency over a wide range of heads and flows. The Kaplan can be used at low to medium heads (1.5–20 metres) and medium to high flows (3 m 3 /s–30 m 3 /s). For higher flows multiple turbines can be used.
With the help of these equations the head developed by a pump and the head utilised by a turbine can be easily determined. As the name suggests these equations were formulated by Leonhard Euler in the eighteenth century. [1] These equations can be derived from the moment of momentum equation when applied for a pump or a turbine.
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. The runner of the small water turbine. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now, they are ...
This allows accurate calculations to be made of the turbine's performance for a range of heads. Well-designed efficient machines typically use the following values: Impulse turbines have the lowest n s values, typically ranging from 1 to 10, a Pelton wheel is typically around 4, Francis turbines fall in the range of 10 to 100, while Kaplan ...
Turbines are sometimes differentiated on the basis of the type of inlet flow, whether the inlet velocity is in axial direction, radial direction or a combination of both. . The Francis turbine is a mixed hydraulic turbine (the inlet velocity has Radial and tangential components) while the Kaplan turbine is an axial hydraulic turbine (the inlet velocity has only axial velocity componen
The calculation of NPSH in a reaction turbine is different to the calculation of NPSH in a pump, because the point at which cavitation will first occur is in a different place. In a reaction turbine, cavitation will first occur at the outlet of the impeller, at the entrance of the draft tube. [4]
Gorlov: the Gorlov helical turbine free stream or constrained flow with or without a dam, [9] Francis and propeller turbines. [10] Kaplan turbine : Is a high flow, low head, propeller-type turbine. An alternative to the traditional kaplan turbine is a large diameter, slow turning, permanent magnet, sloped open flow VLH turbine with efficiencies ...
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